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Exam 2: Cryptographic Tools

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Question 21

Multiple Choice

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If the only form of attack that could be made on an encryption algorithm is brute-force,then the way to counter such attacks would be to __________ .

A) use longer keys
B) use shorter keys
C) use more keys
D) use less keys

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Question 22

Multiple Choice

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A _________ protects against an attack in which one party generates a message for another party to sign.

A) data authenticator
B) strong hash function
C) weak hash function
D) digital signature

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Question 23

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The purpose of the __________ algorithm is to enable two users to securely reach agreement about a shared secret that can be used as a secret key for subsequent symmetric encryption of messages.

There are two general approaches to attacking a symmetric encryption scheme: cryptanalytic attacks and __________ attacks.

Some form of protocol is needed for public-key distribution.

Triple DES takes a plaintext block of 64 bits and a key of 56 bits to produce a ciphertext block of 64 bits.

The original message or data that is fed into the algorithm is __________.

Public-key algorithms are based on simple operations on bit patterns.

A message authentication code is a small block of data generated by a secret key and appended to a message.

A __________ processes the plaintext input in fixed-size blocks and produces a block of ciphertext of equal size for each plaintext block.

Symmetric encryption is used primarily to provide confidentiality.

Like the MAC,a hash function also takes a secret key as input.

Modes of operation are the alternative techniques that have been developed to increase the security of symmetric block encryption for large sequences of data.

T F 4.The secret key is input to the encryption algorithm.

The __________ algorithm takes the ciphertext and the secret key and produces the original plaintext.

Two of the most important applications of public-key encryption are digital signatures and key management.

Also referred to as single-key encryption,the universal technique for providing confidentiality for transmitted or stored data is __________ .

The two criteria used to validate that a sequence of numbers is random are independence and _________ .

The most important symmetric algorithms,all of which are block ciphers,are the DES,triple DES,and the __________.

The purpose of a __________ is to produce a "fingerprint" of a file,message,or other block of data.