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Exam 2: Cryptographic Tools

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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__________ is a block cipher in which the plaintext and ciphertext are integers between 0 and n-1 for some n.

A) DSS
B) RSA
C) AES
D) SHA

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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The original message or data that is fed into the algorithm is __________.

A) encryption algorithm
B) secret key
C) decryption algorithm
D) plaintext

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 3

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A _________ is a hardware device that sits between servers and storage systems and encrypts all data going from the server to the storage system and decrypts data going in the opposite direction.

Combined one byte at a time with the plaintext stream using the XOR operation,a __________ is the output of the pseudorandom bit generator.

An important element in many computer security services and applications is the use of cryptographic algorithms.

A __________ processes the plaintext input in fixed-size blocks and produces a block of ciphertext of equal size for each plaintext block.

The purpose of the __________ algorithm is to enable two users to securely reach agreement about a shared secret that can be used as a secret key for subsequent symmetric encryption of messages.

On average,__________ of all possible keys must be tried in order to achieve success with a brute-force attack.

The purpose of the DSS algorithm is to enable two users to securely reach agreement about a shared secret that can be used as a secret key for subsequent symmetric encryption of messages.

A _________ protects against an attack in which one party generates a message for another party to sign.

Also referred to as single-key encryption,the universal technique for providing confidentiality for transmitted or stored data is __________ .

Public-key encryption was first publicly proposed by __________ in 1976.

Public-key cryptography is asymmetric.

Symmetric encryption is used primarily to provide confidentiality.

The __________ is a pair of keys that have been selected so that if one is used for encryption,the other is used for decryption.

The most important symmetric algorithms,all of which are block ciphers,are the DES,triple DES,and the __________.

Some form of protocol is needed for public-key distribution.

__________ is a procedure that allows communicating parties to verify that received or stored messages are authentic.

A __________ is to try every possible key on a piece of ciphertext until an intelligible translation into plaintext is obtained.

Like the MAC,a hash function also takes a secret key as input.