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Equilibrium constants are known for the following reactions: S(s)+ 3/2O2(g)  Equilibrium constants are known for the following reactions: S(s)+ <sup>3</sup>/<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(g)   SO<sub>3</sub>(g)K<sub>c</sub> = 9.2 * 10<sup>23</sup> <sup> </sup>SO<sub>3</sub>(g)   SO<sub>2</sub>(g)+ <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(g)K<sub>c</sub> = 4.8 * 10<sup>- 4</sup> Thus, for the reaction S(s)+ O<sub>2</sub>(g) \rarr  SO<sub>2</sub>(g), K<sub>c</sub> = 4.4 * 10<sup>20</sup>. SO3(g)Kc = 9.2 * 1023 SO3(g)  Equilibrium constants are known for the following reactions: S(s)+ <sup>3</sup>/<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(g)   SO<sub>3</sub>(g)K<sub>c</sub> = 9.2 * 10<sup>23</sup> <sup> </sup>SO<sub>3</sub>(g)   SO<sub>2</sub>(g)+ <sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(g)K<sub>c</sub> = 4.8 * 10<sup>- 4</sup> Thus, for the reaction S(s)+ O<sub>2</sub>(g) \rarr  SO<sub>2</sub>(g), K<sub>c</sub> = 4.4 * 10<sup>20</sup>. SO2(g)+ 1/2O2(g)Kc = 4.8 * 10- 4 Thus, for the reaction S(s)+ O2(g) \rarr SO2(g), Kc = 4.4 * 1020.

A) True
B) False

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Consider the reaction N2(g)+ 3H2(g) Consider the reaction N<sub>2</sub>(g)+ 3H<sub>2</sub>(g)   2NH<sub>3</sub>(g). If we use a catalyst, which way will the reaction shift? 2NH3(g). If we use a catalyst, which way will the reaction shift?

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Consider this reaction at equilibrium: 2SO2(g) + O2(g)  Consider this reaction at equilibrium: 2SO<sub>2</sub>(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g)    2SO<sub>3</sub>(g) ,  \Delta Hº<sub>rxn</sub> = -198 kJ/mol If the volume of the system is compressed at constant temperature, what change will occur in the position of the equilibrium? A) A shift to produce more SO<sub>2</sub> B) A shift to produce more O<sub>2</sub> C) No change D) A shift to produce more SO<sub>3</sub> 2SO3(g) , Δ\Deltarxn = -198 kJ/mol If the volume of the system is compressed at constant temperature, what change will occur in the position of the equilibrium?


A) A shift to produce more SO2
B) A shift to produce more O2
C) No change
D) A shift to produce more SO3

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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For the following reaction at equilibrium in a reaction vessel, which one of these changes would cause the Br2 concentration to decrease? 2NOBr(g)  For the following reaction at equilibrium in a reaction vessel, which one of these changes would cause the Br<sub>2</sub> concentration to decrease? 2NOBr(g)    2NO(g) + Br<sub>2</sub>(g) ,  \Delta Hº<sub>rxn</sub>= 30 kJ/mol A) Increase the temperature. B) Remove some NO. C) Add more NOBr. D) Compress the gas mixture into a smaller volume. 2NO(g) + Br2(g) , Δ\Deltarxn= 30 kJ/mol


A) Increase the temperature.
B) Remove some NO.
C) Add more NOBr.
D) Compress the gas mixture into a smaller volume.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Consider the following equilibrium, 4NH3(g)+ 3O2(g) Consider the following equilibrium, 4NH<sub>3</sub>(g)+ 3O<sub>2</sub>(g)   2N<sub>2</sub>(g)+ 6H<sub>2</sub>O(g)+ 1531 kJ State whether the concentrations of the products would increase, decrease, or remain constant when the temperature is increased. 2N2(g)+ 6H2O(g)+ 1531 kJ State whether the concentrations of the products would increase, decrease, or remain constant when the temperature is increased.

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A quantity of liquid methanol, CH3OH, is introduced into a rigid 3.00-L vessel, the vessel is sealed, and the temperature is raised to 500K. At this temperature, the methanol vaporizes and decomposes according to the reaction CH3OH(g) A quantity of liquid methanol, CH<sub>3</sub>OH, is introduced into a rigid 3.00-L vessel, the vessel is sealed, and the temperature is raised to 500K. At this temperature, the methanol vaporizes and decomposes according to the reaction CH<sub>3</sub>OH(g)    <sub> </sub>CO(g) + 2 H<sub>2</sub>(g) , K<sub>c</sub>= 6.90 * 10<sup>-2</sup>. If the concentration of H<sub>2</sub> in the equilibrium mixture is 0.426M, what mass of methanol was initially introduced into the vessel? A) 147 g B) 74.3 g C) 33.9 g D) 49.0 g E) 24.8 g CO(g) + 2 H2(g) , Kc= 6.90 * 10-2. If the concentration of H2 in the equilibrium mixture is 0.426M, what mass of methanol was initially introduced into the vessel?


A) 147 g
B) 74.3 g
C) 33.9 g
D) 49.0 g
E) 24.8 g

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Consider the equilibrium equation C(s)+ H2O(g)+ 2296 J Consider the equilibrium equation C(s)+ H<sub>2</sub>O(g)+ 2296 J   CO(g)+ H<sub>2</sub>(g). What will happen to the concentration of carbon monoxide if the temperature of this system is raised? CO(g)+ H2(g). What will happen to the concentration of carbon monoxide if the temperature of this system is raised?

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Calculate Kc for the reaction 2HI(g) Calculate K<sub>c</sub> for the reaction 2HI(g) <sub> </sub> <sub> </sub>   <sub> </sub>H<sub>2</sub>(g) + I<sub>2</sub>(g) given that the concentrations of each species at equilibrium are as follows: [HI] = 0.85 mol/L, [I<sub>2</sub>] = 0.60 mol/L, [H<sub>2</sub>] = 0.27 mol/L. A) 5.25 B) 0.22 C) 4.5 D) 0.19 E) 1.6 * 10<sup>2</sup> H2(g) + I2(g) given that the concentrations of each species at equilibrium are as follows: [HI] = 0.85 mol/L, [I2] = 0.60 mol/L, [H2] = 0.27 mol/L.


A) 5.25
B) 0.22
C) 4.5
D) 0.19
E) 1.6 * 102

F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

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For the reaction 2NOCl(g) For the reaction 2NOCl(g)    2NO(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) , K<sub>c</sub> = 8.0 at a certain temperature. What concentration of NOCl must be put into an empty 4.00 L reaction vessel in order that the equilibrium concentration of NOCl be 1.00 M? A) 1.26 M B) 2.25 M C) 2.50 M D) 3.52 M E) 11.0 M 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) , Kc = 8.0 at a certain temperature. What concentration of NOCl must be put into an empty 4.00 L reaction vessel in order that the equilibrium concentration of NOCl be 1.00 M?


A) 1.26 M
B) 2.25 M
C) 2.50 M
D) 3.52 M
E) 11.0 M

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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For the reaction PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) For the reaction PCl<sub>3</sub>(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)    PCl<sub>5</sub>(g) at a particular temperature, K<sub>c</sub> = 24.3. Suppose a system at that temperature is prepared with [PCl<sub>3</sub>] = 0.10 M, [Cl<sub>2</sub>] = 0.15 M, and [PCl<sub>5</sub>] = 0.60 M. Which of these statements is true? A) The reaction is at equilibrium. B) The reaction will proceed in the direction of forming more PCl<sub>5</sub> until equilibrium is reached. C) The reaction will proceed in the direction of forming more PCl<sub>3</sub> and Cl<sub>2</sub> until equilibrium is reached. D) None of the above statements is true. PCl5(g) at a particular temperature, Kc = 24.3. Suppose a system at that temperature is prepared with [PCl3] = 0.10 M, [Cl2] = 0.15 M, and [PCl5] = 0.60 M. Which of these statements is true?


A) The reaction is at equilibrium.
B) The reaction will proceed in the direction of forming more PCl5 until equilibrium is reached.
C) The reaction will proceed in the direction of forming more PCl3 and Cl2 until equilibrium is reached.
D) None of the above statements is true.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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If the reaction 2H2S(g) If the reaction 2H<sub>2</sub>S(g)    <sub> </sub>2H<sub>2</sub>(g) + S<sub>2</sub>(g) is carried out at 1065°C, K<sub>p</sub> = 0.0120. Starting from pure H<sub>2</sub>S introduced into an evacuated vessel at 1065°C, what will the total pressure in the vessel be at equilibrium if the equilibrated mixture contains 0.300 atm of H<sub>2</sub>(g) ? A) 1.06 atm B) 1.36 atm C) 2.39 atm D) 4.20 atm E) 1.51 atm 2H2(g) + S2(g) is carried out at 1065°C, Kp = 0.0120. Starting from pure H2S introduced into an evacuated vessel at 1065°C, what will the total pressure in the vessel be at equilibrium if the equilibrated mixture contains 0.300 atm of H2(g) ?


A) 1.06 atm
B) 1.36 atm
C) 2.39 atm
D) 4.20 atm
E) 1.51 atm

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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The equilibrium constant for the reaction Ni(s) + 4CO(g) \rarr Ni(CO) 4(g) is 5.0 * 104 at 25ºC. What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction Ni(CO) 4(g)  The equilibrium constant for the reaction Ni(s) + 4CO(g)  \rarr <sub> </sub>Ni(CO) <sub>4</sub>(g) is 5.0 * 10<sup>4</sup> at 25ºC. What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction Ni(CO) <sub>4</sub>(g)    <sub> </sub>Ni(s) + 4CO(g) ? A) 2.0 * 10<sup>-5</sup> B) 2.5 * 10<sup>9</sup> C) 5.0 * 10<sup>4</sup> D) 5.0 * 10<sup>-4</sup> E) 2.0 * 10<sup>-3</sup> Ni(s) + 4CO(g) ?


A) 2.0 * 10-5
B) 2.5 * 109
C) 5.0 * 104
D) 5.0 * 10-4
E) 2.0 * 10-3

F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

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The dissociation of solid silver chloride in water to produce silver ions and chloride ions has an equilibrium constant of 1.8 * 10-18. Based on the magnitude of the equilibrium constant, is silver chloride very soluble in water? Why?

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Kc here will be [Ag+

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Equilibrium is established for the reaction 2X(s) + Y(g) \rarr 2Z(g) at 500K, Kc = 100. Determine the concentration of Z in equilibrium with 0.2 mol X and 0.50 M Y at 500K.


A) 3.2 M
B) 3.5 M
C) 4.5 M
D) 7.1 M
E) None of these.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Calculate Kp for the reaction 2NOCl(g) Calculate K<sub>p</sub> for the reaction 2NOCl(g)    <sub> </sub>2NO(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) at 400°C if K<sub>c</sub> at 400°C for this reaction is 2.1 *10<sup>-2</sup>. A) 2.1 * 10<sup>-2</sup> B) 1.7 * 10<sup>-3</sup> C) 0.70 D) 1.2 E) 3.8 * 10<sup>-4</sup> 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) at 400°C if Kc at 400°C for this reaction is 2.1 *10-2.


A) 2.1 * 10-2
B) 1.7 * 10-3
C) 0.70
D) 1.2
E) 3.8 * 10-4

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The reaction 2SO3(g) The reaction 2SO<sub>3</sub>(g)    2SO<sub>2</sub>(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g) is endothermic. If the temperature is increased, A) more SO<sub>3</sub> will be produced. B) K<sub>c</sub> will decrease. C) no change will occur in K<sub>c</sub> . D) K<sub>c</sub> will increase. E) the pressure will decrease. 2SO2(g) + O2(g) is endothermic. If the temperature is increased,


A) more SO3 will be produced.
B) Kc will decrease.
C) no change will occur in Kc .
D) Kc will increase.
E) the pressure will decrease.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Hydrogen iodide decomposes according to the equation 2HI(g) Hydrogen iodide decomposes according to the equation 2HI(g)   H<sub>2</sub>(g) + I<sub>2</sub>(g) , for which K<sub>c</sub> = 0.0156 at 400ºC. 0.550 mol HI was injected into a 2.00 L reaction vessel at 400ºC. Calculate the concentration of HI at equilibrium. A) 0.138 M B) 0.220 M C) 0.550 M D) 0.275 M E) 0.0275 MH2(g) + I2(g) , for which Kc = 0.0156 at 400ºC. 0.550 mol HI was injected into a 2.00 L reaction vessel at 400ºC. Calculate the concentration of HI at equilibrium.


A) 0.138 M
B) 0.220 M
C) 0.550 M
D) 0.275 M
E) 0.0275 M

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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The brown gas NO2 and the colorless gas N2O4 exist in equilibrium, 2NO2 The brown gas NO<sub>2</sub> and the colorless gas N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> exist in equilibrium, 2NO<sub>2</sub>   <sub> </sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. In an experiment, 0.625 mole of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> was introduced into a 5.00 L vessel and was allowed to decompose until equilibrium was reached. The concentration of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> at equilibrium was 0.0750 M. Calculate K<sub>c</sub> for the reaction. A) 7.5 B) 0.125 C) 0.0750 D) 0.10 E) 0.050 N2O4. In an experiment, 0.625 mole of N2O4 was introduced into a 5.00 L vessel and was allowed to decompose until equilibrium was reached. The concentration of N2O4 at equilibrium was 0.0750 M. Calculate Kc for the reaction.


A) 7.5
B) 0.125
C) 0.0750
D) 0.10
E) 0.050

F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Consider this gas phase equilibrium system: PCl5(g)  Consider this gas phase equilibrium system: PCl<sub>5</sub>(g)   PCl<sub>3</sub>(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)  \Delta Hº<sub>rxn</sub> = +87.8 kJ/mol. Which of these statements is false? A) Increasing the system volume shifts the equilibrium to the right. B) Increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium to the right. C) A catalyst speeds up the approach to equilibrium and shifts the position of equilibrium to the right. D) Decreasing the total pressure of the system shifts the equilibrium to the right. E) Increasing the temperature causes the equilibrium constant to increase. PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) Δ\Deltarxn = +87.8 kJ/mol. Which of these statements is false?


A) Increasing the system volume shifts the equilibrium to the right.
B) Increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium to the right.
C) A catalyst speeds up the approach to equilibrium and shifts the position of equilibrium to the right.
D) Decreasing the total pressure of the system shifts the equilibrium to the right.
E) Increasing the temperature causes the equilibrium constant to increase.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Phosgene, COCl2, a poisonous gas, decomposes according to the equation COCl2(g) Phosgene, COCl<sub>2</sub>, a poisonous gas, decomposes according to the equation COCl<sub>2</sub>(g)    <sub> </sub>CO(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) . Calculate K<sub>p</sub> for this reaction if K<sub>c</sub> = 0.083 at 900ºC. A) 0.125 B) 8.0 C) 6.1 D) 0.16 E) 0.083 CO(g) + Cl2(g) . Calculate Kp for this reaction if Kc = 0.083 at 900ºC.


A) 0.125
B) 8.0
C) 6.1
D) 0.16
E) 0.083

F) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

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