Question 1

Over winding of the DNA decreases the number of turns in the double helix, and thus results in super coils in the DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The zig-zag and solenoid models are associated with the _______ level of DNA organization.

Accepted Answer

A)   histone
B)   11nm fiber
C)   beads-on-a-string
D)   30 nm fiber
E)   scaffold proteinF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 3

The origins of replication in eukaryotic chromosomes are spaced about every _______ base pairs.

Accepted Answer

A)   100,000
B)   1000
C)   100
D)   10
E)   500F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

How many types of histone proteins are there?

Accepted Answer

A)  4
B)  5
C)  7
D)  8E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Which direction would you turn Z-DNA to introduce negative super coils?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right
B)  LeftC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 6

Which of the following represents the highest level of chromosome condensation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Radial loop domain
B)  30 nm fibers
C)  Double helix
D)  Nucleosome
E)  HeterochromatinF) None of the above
G) B) and D) E

Question 7

Where is the bacterial chromosome located?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nucleus
B)  Nucleolus
C)  Nucleoid
D)  Nuclear envelopeE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by bacteria to condense their DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   Super coiling
B)   Packaging the DNA with histone proteins
C)   Looping of the DNA
D)   Increase or decrease the number of turns in the DNA
E)   Anchoring the DNA loops with DNA-binding proteinsF) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 9

A nucleus is 4  μ\muμ m in diameter. Its DNA is composed of a million base pairs. Approximately how much does it need to be condensed in order to fit inside the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)  30-fold
B)  100,000-fold
C)  1 million-fold
D)  3 million-fold E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT part of the structure of the nucleosome core particle?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is composed of an octamer of proteins.
B)   There is a linker region between two nucleosomes of about 200 base pairs.
C)   There are two copies each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4.
D)   The DNA is wrapped around the core slightly over two complete turns.
E)   The DNA wrapped around the core contains 146-147 base pairs.F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 11

Loop domains are responsible for what level of condensation of the bacterial chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A)   10 fold
B)   100 fold
C)   1000 fold
D)   10,000 foldE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Why do amphibians have so much more DNA than humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amphibians have more repetitive sequences than do humans
B)  Amphibians are more biologically complex than mammals are
C)  Amphibians have more genes than do humans
D)  Amphibians are tetraploid, while humans are diploidE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 13

What is a mechanism of condensation shared by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nucleosomes
B)  Loop domains
C)  30 nm fiber
D)  None of the answers are correctE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

The DNA-protein complex in eukaryotic chromosomes is called the genome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following represents the lowest level of chromosome condensation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Radial loop domain
B)  30 nm fibers
C)  Heterochromatin
D)  Nucleosome
E)   EuchromatinF) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 16

Digesting chromatin with a high concentration of DNAse I would yield fragments of what approximate size?

Accepted Answer

A)  200
B)  400
C)  600
D)  1100E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

The term genome refers to the complete complement of sequences and genes that an organism possesses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is found at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Telomeres
B)  Centromeres
C)  Kinetochores
D)  Origins of replicationE) C) and D)
F) None of the above A

Question 19

Which of the following is correctly matched with its description?

Accepted Answer

A)  Highly repetitive DNA contains transposable elements and genes that are expressed in abundance and thus have many copies.
B)  Moderately repetitive DNA contains unique sequences, such as genes found in one or a few copies.
C)  Non-repetitive DNA is composed of thousands of copies of many short repeats.
D)  Moderately repetitive DNA contains retro elements, such as the Alu sequence.
E)   Moderately repetitive DNA contains transposable elements and genes that are expressed in abundance and thus have many copies.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

DNA topoisomerase I does which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Introduce positive super coils
B)  Relieve positive super coils
C)  Introduce negative super coils
D)  More than one of theseE) A) and B)
F) None of the above A

Exam 10: Chromosome Organization and Molecular Structure

Over winding of the DNA decreases the number of turns in the double helix, and thus results in super coils in the DNA.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The zig-zag and solenoid models are associated with the _______ level of DNA organization.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The origins of replication in eukaryotic chromosomes are spaced about every _______ base pairs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How many types of histone proteins are there?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which direction would you turn Z-DNA to introduce negative super coils?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following represents the highest level of chromosome condensation?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

Where is the bacterial chromosome located?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by bacteria to condense their DNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A nucleus is 4 μ\muμ m in diameter. Its DNA is composed of a million base pairs. Approximately how much does it need to be condensed in order to fit inside the nucleus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT part of the structure of the nucleosome core particle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Loop domains are responsible for what level of condensation of the bacterial chromosome?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do amphibians have so much more DNA than humans?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a mechanism of condensation shared by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The DNA-protein complex in eukaryotic chromosomes is called the genome.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following represents the lowest level of chromosome condensation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Digesting chromatin with a high concentration of DNAse I would yield fragments of what approximate size?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term genome refers to the complete complement of sequences and genes that an organism possesses.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is found at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following is correctly matched with its description?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

DNA topoisomerase I does which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

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A nucleus is 4 $\mu$ m in diameter. Its DNA is composed of a million base pairs. Approximately how much does it need to be condensed in order to fit inside the nucleus?

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A

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