Question 1

List three criteria indicating that a human disorder may be attributable to genetically altered mitochondria.

Accepted Answer

maternal rather than Mendelian...

Question 2

List two classes of extrachromosomal inheritance and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

maternal effect,pigmentation i...

Question 3

Direction of shell coiling in Lymnaea peregra is influenced by a maternal effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Direction of shell coiling in the snail Lymnaea peregra is conditioned by a form of extrachromosomal inheritance known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   sex-linked inheritance
B)   heteroplasmy
C)   maternal effect
D)   independent assortment
E)   epistasisF) All of the above
G) C) and D) C

Question 5

Through the study of mitochondrial disorders,scientists have suggested a link between the decline of mitochondrial function and aging.What process appears to be involved in this suspected phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)   accumulation of sporadic mutations in the nuclear genome
B)   decline of mutations in the nuclear genome
C)   accumulation of mutations in the mtDNA
D)   recombination of mtDNA and nuclear DNA
E)   recombination among mtDNAs of different mitochondriaF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

What is the meaning of the term endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts arose independently about 2 billion years ago from free-living proteobacteria.

Question 7

Poky strains in yeast result from suppressive mutations in chloroplast DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Describe the molecular and transmission characteristics of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).

Accepted Answer

maternal i...

Question 9

In what way do chloroplast mutations influence phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast mutations affect t...

Question 10

Molecular/structural orientations (gradients)in an egg are thought to play a significant role in development.What is the origin of such gradients? What evidence indicates that the maternal genotype is involved in providing such gradients?

Accepted Answer

In Lymnaea,the mother's genotype establi...

Question 11

In what way do mitochondrial mutations influence phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial mutati...

Question 12

What is the name of a form of extrachromosomal inheritance that is due to transmission of symbiotic or parasitic microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the name of a form...

Question 13

It is safe to say that a maternal effect is caused by the genotype,not the phenotype,of the parent producing the egg.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The inheritance of the petite phenotype in yeast is complicated by an interaction of mitochondrial and nuclear genes.What are these complications? Which three categories of petites are commonly described?

Accepted Answer

Both nuclear and cytoplasmic (...

Question 15

An example of organelle heredity involves pigmentation in Mirabilis jalapa.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

List three organisms that provide examples of organelle heredity.

Accepted Answer

Homo sapiens,Mirabil...

Question 17

What is the expression pattern of dominant-negative mutations in petite strains of yeast?

Accepted Answer

A)   Expression of wild-type mitochondria is enhanced.
B)   Expression of mutant mitochondria resembles expression of wild-type mitochondria.
C)   Mitochondria show enhanced capacity of oxidative phosphorylation.
D)   The function of wild-type mitochondria is suppressed.
E)   Mitochondrial membranes become hyperpolarized.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

How do mitochondria and chloroplasts determine phenotypes? Which characteristics of mitochondria and chloroplasts allow such phenotypes to be inherited? Provide specific examples to illustrate your response.

Accepted Answer

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts possess DNA,which directs the synthesis of proteins.These proteins influence mitochondrial structure and function and,thus,influence the phenotype.Mitochondria are involved in energy conversions in cells (petite strains in yeast); chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis as well as leaf coloration (iojap in maize).

Question 19

Which three classes of macromolecules are encoded by mtDNA?

Accepted Answer

proteins,t...

Question 20

The maternal effect in Lymnaea is such that the genotype of the egg determines the direction of shell coiling regardless of the genotype of the offspring.Apparently,the cause of this spectacular maternal effect results from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   orientation of the spindle apparatus in early cleavage
B)   genophores present in the egg cytoplasm
C)   the F factor exerting its influence on the centrosome
D)   colicins "poisoning" one of the cleavage centers
E)   allelic substitution as demonstrated from RNA injection experimentsF) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Exam 9: Extranuclear Inheritance

List three criteria indicating that a human disorder may be attributable to genetically altered mitochondria.

Correct Answer
verified
maternal rather than Mendelian...
View Answer

List two classes of extrachromosomal inheritance and give an example of each.

Correct Answer
verified
maternal effect,pigmentation i...
View Answer

Direction of shell coiling in Lymnaea peregra is influenced by a maternal effect.

Correct Answer
verified

Direction of shell coiling in the snail Lymnaea peregra is conditioned by a form of extrachromosomal inheritance known as ________.

Correct Answer
verified
C

Through the study of mitochondrial disorders,scientists have suggested a link between the decline of mitochondrial function and aging.What process appears to be involved in this suspected phenomenon?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the meaning of the term endosymbiotic theory?

Correct Answer
verified
The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts arose independently about 2 billion years ago from free-living proteobacteria.

Poky strains in yeast result from suppressive mutations in chloroplast DNA.

Correct Answer
verified

Describe the molecular and transmission characteristics of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).

Correct Answer
verified
maternal i...
View Answer

In what way do chloroplast mutations influence phenotype?

Correct Answer
verified
Chloroplast mutations affect t...
View Answer

Molecular/structural orientations (gradients)in an egg are thought to play a significant role in development.What is the origin of such gradients? What evidence indicates that the maternal genotype is involved in providing such gradients?

Correct Answer
verified
In Lymnaea,the mother's genotype establi...
View Answer

In what way do mitochondrial mutations influence phenotype?

Correct Answer
verified
Mitochondrial mutati...
View Answer

What is the name of a form of extrachromosomal inheritance that is due to transmission of symbiotic or parasitic microorganisms?

Correct Answer
verified

It is safe to say that a maternal effect is caused by the genotype,not the phenotype,of the parent producing the egg.

Correct Answer
verified

The inheritance of the petite phenotype in yeast is complicated by an interaction of mitochondrial and nuclear genes.What are these complications? Which three categories of petites are commonly described?

Correct Answer
verified
Both nuclear and cytoplasmic (...
View Answer

An example of organelle heredity involves pigmentation in Mirabilis jalapa.

Correct Answer
verified

List three organisms that provide examples of organelle heredity.

Correct Answer
verified
Homo sapiens,Mirabil...
View Answer

What is the expression pattern of dominant-negative mutations in petite strains of yeast?

Correct Answer
verified

How do mitochondria and chloroplasts determine phenotypes? Which characteristics of mitochondria and chloroplasts allow such phenotypes to be inherited? Provide specific examples to illustrate your response.

Which three classes of macromolecules are encoded by mtDNA?

Correct Answer
verified
proteins,t...
View Answer

The maternal effect in Lymnaea is such that the genotype of the egg determines the direction of shell coiling regardless of the genotype of the offspring.Apparently,the cause of this spectacular maternal effect results from ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 9: Extranuclear Inheritance

List three criteria indicating that a human disorder may be attributable to genetically altered mitochondria.

Correct Answerverifiedmaternal rather than Mendelian...View AnswerShow Answer

List two classes of extrachromosomal inheritance and give an example of each.

Correct Answerverifiedmaternal effect,pigmentation i...View AnswerShow Answer

Direction of shell coiling in Lymnaea peregra is influenced by a maternal effect.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Direction of shell coiling in the snail Lymnaea peregra is conditioned by a form of extrachromosomal inheritance known as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Through the study of mitochondrial disorders,scientists have suggested a link between the decline of mitochondrial function and aging.What process appears to be involved in this suspected phenomenon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the meaning of the term endosymbiotic theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts arose independently about 2 billion years ago from free-living proteobacteria.

Poky strains in yeast result from suppressive mutations in chloroplast DNA.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the molecular and transmission characteristics of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).

Correct Answerverifiedmaternal i...View AnswerShow Answer

In what way do chloroplast mutations influence phenotype?

Correct AnswerverifiedChloroplast mutations affect t...View AnswerShow Answer

Molecular/structural orientations (gradients)in an egg are thought to play a significant role in development.What is the origin of such gradients? What evidence indicates that the maternal genotype is involved in providing such gradients?

Correct AnswerverifiedIn Lymnaea,the mother's genotype establi...View AnswerShow Answer

In what way do mitochondrial mutations influence phenotype?

Correct AnswerverifiedMitochondrial mutati...View AnswerShow Answer

What is the name of a form of extrachromosomal inheritance that is due to transmission of symbiotic or parasitic microorganisms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is safe to say that a maternal effect is caused by the genotype,not the phenotype,of the parent producing the egg.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The inheritance of the petite phenotype in yeast is complicated by an interaction of mitochondrial and nuclear genes.What are these complications? Which three categories of petites are commonly described?

Correct AnswerverifiedBoth nuclear and cytoplasmic (...View AnswerShow Answer

An example of organelle heredity involves pigmentation in Mirabilis jalapa.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List three organisms that provide examples of organelle heredity.

Correct AnswerverifiedHomo sapiens,Mirabil...View AnswerShow Answer

What is the expression pattern of dominant-negative mutations in petite strains of yeast?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do mitochondria and chloroplasts determine phenotypes? Which characteristics of mitochondria and chloroplasts allow such phenotypes to be inherited? Provide specific examples to illustrate your response.

Which three classes of macromolecules are encoded by mtDNA?

Correct Answerverifiedproteins,t...View AnswerShow Answer

The maternal effect in Lymnaea is such that the genotype of the egg determines the direction of shell coiling regardless of the genotype of the offspring.Apparently,the cause of this spectacular maternal effect results from ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
maternal rather than Mendelian...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
maternal effect,pigmentation i...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria and chloroplasts arose independently about 2 billion years ago from free-living proteobacteria.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
maternal i...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Chloroplast mutations affect t...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
In Lymnaea,the mother's genotype establi...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Mitochondrial mutati...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Both nuclear and cytoplasmic (...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Homo sapiens,Mirabil...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
proteins,t...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified