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In nature,RNAi protects cells against infection by what kind of pathogen?

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dsRNA viru...

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Discuss the ethical and societal reasons for and against germ-line gene therapy.

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Answers may vary,but it is important to ...

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Suppose you have just discovered a Drosophila gene that has a sequence similar to a gene of interest in humans.You need to have mutants of the Drosophila gene because


A) you need to see whether fly mutants have a defect in the same system.
B) you need to see whether the mutant produces the same phenotype.
C) you need to see whether the Drosophila mutant disrupts the same metabolic pathway.
D) you want to compare the mutant Drosophila sequence to each mutant human sequence.
E) you need to have as many alleles in Drosophila as you have found in humans.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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By what method is T-DNA integrated into the plant genome?

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nonhomolog...

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In using Agrobacterium tumefaciens to transfer genes into plants,what is transferred from bacterium to plant?


A) Ti plasmid
B) T-DNA
C) opines
D) only the recombining sequence
E) the entire bacterium

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

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The GFP gene is useful as a reporter gene because the cells and tissues with it emit bioluminescence when treated with what,that functions as a substrate?

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In grape cultivation,growers often find that heterozygous forms are more desirable.To propagate the heterozygotes without having to interbreed in each generation,what method can they use?

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If a researcher is cloning a sequence by using pUC and uses the plasmid to transform bacteria,which are then plated on X-gal medium,would the recombinant plasmids be found in blue or white colonies or both?

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If an experimenter wants to use the GFP method but needs to detect the presence or absence of several proteins at the same time,he can take advantage of mutational variants of GFP that emit what?

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What is the function of imaginal disc cells during the larval stage of Drosophila development?

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What characteristics of plants allow them to be cloned relatively easily,whereas cloning in animals is rare and difficult to achieve?

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There are several reasons why cloning is...

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Transgenic fusions between a gene and a reporter are used to determine whether a gene is expressed.Which of these components allows the researcher to work with living specimens,and why?

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The reporter genes are extremely helpful...

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In the 1990s,gene therapy was seen as a probable cure for many genetic diseases.List three or four reasons that it has so far been of limited success.

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Gene therapy is technically challenging,...

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In an organism,X,it is found to be impossible to generate loss-of-function mutants for most genes.There is an alternative method of introducing random mutations that can later be screened for the gene(s)in question.This can be accomplished by using insertions due to what structures?

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transposon...

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Knockout libraries are available already prepared for some organisms such as Drosophila.These libraries are originally made by what method?

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If a gene is replaced with a heterologous sequence such that the gene is then nonfunctional,what is the result usually called?

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Design an experiment that uses enhancer trapping to drive the expression of a gene of interest.

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Enhancer trap constructs include a repor...

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If genes are introduced into a yeast plasmid to serve as a shuttle vector,the plasmid has the ability to


A) move genes from human to yeast.
B) replicate in yeast or in bacteria.
C) degrade selected yeast genes.
D) recombine with yeast nuclear genes.
E) degrade other yeast plasmids.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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EMS (ethylmethane sulfonate) is mutagenic because


A) it breaks phosphodiester binds.
B) it adds alkyl groups to bases.
C) it forms cross-links between DNA strands.
D) it makes DNA more susceptible to radiation.
E) it causes chromosomal deletions.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Suppose a mutagen is used on an inbred population of mice to establish cell lines,each including a different mutant allele,which can then be tested for function.This technique is known as ________.

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