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Exam 19: Population and Urbanization

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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As used by demographers,a __________ is a group of people who live in a specified geographic area.

A) society
B) culture
C) sect
D) population

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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D

Question 2

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For economist Thomas Malthus,the only acceptable preventive check on population was:

A) famine
B) disease
C) war
D) moral restraint

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Question 3

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Discuss the conflict perspective on urbanization and the growth of cities.

Sociologist Emile Durkheim applied natural ecology to his analysis of organic solidarity,characterized by a simple division of labor and shared religious beliefs such as those found in small,agrarian societies; and mechanical solidarity,characterized by interdependence based on the elaborate division of labor found in large,urban societies.

According to sociologists Joe Feagin and Robert Parker,__________ refers to institutions such as state bureaucracies and capital investment circuits that are involved in the urban development process.

The __________ is the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.

Succession is the process by which a new category of people or type of land use gradually predominates in an area formerly dominated by another group or activity.

Advocates of the demographic transition theory highlight the relationship between technological development and population growth.

Based on urbanization and the growth of cities,elaborate on the symbolic interactionist perspective as it relates to the experience of city life.

The largest preindustrial city was:

According to some contemporary economists using a Marxist perspective,the greatest crisis today facing low-income nations is __________,which refers to the lack of adequate money or property to maintain a business.

Changes in population occur as a result of three processes.All of the following processes are involved EXCEPT:

Compare the international migration theories.

Sociologist __________ suggested that not everyone experiences the city in the same way: many residents develop strong loyalties and a sense of community in central-city areas that outsiders may view negatively.

Based on urban ecologist Homer Hoyt's sector model,residences of a particular type and value tend to grow inward from the outskirts of the city in a circular pattern with the less-expensive residential neighborhoods located along the higher ground near lakes and rivers.

According to sociologist Gideon Sjoberg,three preconditions must be Present in order for a city to develop.All of the following were Preconditions identified EXCEPT:

According to economist Thomas Malthus,all of the following are positive checks on population EXCEPT:

The primary cause of world population growth in recent years has been a decline in __________,which is the incidence of death in a population.

Preindustrial cities were limited in size by a number of factors.Which of the following was NOT a factor?

In 2011,the U.S.infant mortality rate for male infants was __________ live births,as compared with __________ live births for female infants.