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Exam 8: Motivation

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Question 21

True/False

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Artists enjoy very high task identity because they see their work through from beginning to end.

A) True
B) False

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Question 22

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Equity theory rests on the perception of

A) fairness.
B) affiliation.
C) equality.
D) promotion.
E) comparison.

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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Question 23

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Goal-setting research indicates that a goal of "do your best" is no better than having no goal at all.

A hospital administrator assigns the worst shift to a nurse who talks too much on the phone during the day. This action is an example of

Alderfer's ERG theory demonstrates that more than one need may motivate at the same time.

Once an employee experiences ________, they will be motivated to take actions that restore balance.

Which of the approaches to motivation deals with the "where" or "when?"

Sharon Kendall, a single mother of three, was the best secretary in the accounting division for more than a decade. Sharon excelled at the detail work in report preparation, liked the variety of dealing with the people in the department, and managed occasional outside division contact very well. Five to seven secretaries shared the division work. Sharon usually helped out on parts of many projects and seldom followed a project or document set from start to finish. Four years ago, Sharon's manager, Ryan Reece, rewarded Sharon's excellent work with the ability to arrange a flexible work schedule. Since then, Sharon has attended all of her sons' soccer games and her daughter's recitals. Recently, Ryan walked past Sharon's desk and asked, "How's everything?" Sharon replied, "The kids are great, but I'm starting to get bored with this job." Ryan hurried to the corporate motivation expert. "Sharon is a great employee. How can we keep her?" They came up with three options. The first was to write a piece for the corporate newsletter featuring Sharon. There was an "EMPLOYEE EXCELLENCE FOCUS" section. In addition to the article, the featured employee was given a $500 bonus. The second idea was to promote her to division secretary supervisor, giving her oversight of all the accounting division secretarial staff and their work. She would have her own office, a nice raise, and regular 9 to 5 working hours. The third option was to send her to an accounting and finance technical school for six months. This option would bring more money, more challenge, more opportunity, and a work cubicle on the fifth floor with other accountants. The consultant mentioned that a slot in the next cycle of the accounting school had just opened up. Ryan thanked the consultant for all his help and arranged to take Sharon to lunch to tell her of his solution to her boredom. Ryan began the lunch with, "You scared me when you said you were bored at work. I was afraid you would resign. So, I went to corporate and have found the perfect solution." Ryan ended his news about the accounting school with, "So, it's all set. You fly to the coast next Monday, and when you get back in six months, you'll have a new office on the fifth floor. You have been the best secretary ever in this division. I know you will be a great accountant. Congratulations!" He extended his hand to Sharon. Sharon stabbed Ryan's hand with a fork and shouted, "You insensitive jerk. I quit!" Puzzled, Ryan rubbed his hand as Sharon rushed out of the restaurant. Please refer to this scenario for the following question. Is there a way for Ryan Reece to keep Sharon from leaving at this point? Use any relevant motivational theory in your discussion.

________ approaches to motivation focus on the "how" question.

Job crafting focuses on the ways in which employees modify their own jobs to better fit their strengths and interests.

Which below can create the conditions for game-playing and suboptimization?

A regional air carrier had high employee turnover in a variety of customer service jobs. Exit interviews revealed that employees left because they were bored. Job 1 employees sold tickets at the counter. Job 2 employees tagged and handled baggage. Job 3 employees announced departing flights. Job 4 employees announced arriving flights. Job 5 employees took boarding passes for departing passengers. Job 6 employees addressed the needs and concerns of passengers. Which of the following JCM interventions would make boring work more fulfilling?

Roger's sales suggestion box usually contains at least three requests to move staff meetings from Monday morning to any other time. Monday afternoon is the usual preference. Roger told his sales staff, "If we exceed quota this month by 10 percent, we will move staff meetings from Monday morning to Monday afternoons." What behavior modification strategy did Roger use?

From a managerial perspective, ________ beliefs point to the critical importance of linking rewards directly to desired performance.

An employee who likes to control the behavior of others, who volunteers for leadership positions, and is willing to be assertive when decisions need to be made expresses McClelland's ________ motivational need.

In Expectancy theory, valence is the value a person places on future outcomes.

The final step of behavior modification is developing and implementing an intervention strategy.

Which famous psychologist is associated with the Two-Factor Theory of Motivation?

When ________ is high, the person believes: "I have the knowledge, skills, and abilities to get the job done."

When workers experience inequity on the job, they tend to balance the equity equation by taking longer lunch breaks or requesting a pay raise. These are examples of